CROSS REFERENCE TO CO-PENDING APPLICATIONS
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/164,759, filed Oct. 1, 1998, and entitled, "A Common Gateway Which Allows Applets to Make Program Calls to OLTP Applications Executing on an Enterprise Server"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/164,932, filed Oct. 1, 1998, and entitled, "A Multi-Client User Customized DOM Gateway for an OLTP Enterprise Server Application"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09,164,908, filed Oct. 1, 1998, and entitled, "An Automated Development System for Developing Applications that Interface with Both Distributed Component Object Model (DOM) and Enterprise Server Environments"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/164,933, filed Oct. 1, 1998, and entitled, "Providing a Modular Gateway Architecture Which Isolates Attributes of the Client and Server Systems into Independent Components"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/164,822, filed Oct. 1, 1998, and entitled, "Making CGI Variables and Cookie Information Available to an OLTP System"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/164,673, filed Oct. 1, 1998, and entitled, "A Gateway for Dynamically Providing Web Site Status Information"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/164,756, filed Oct. 1, 1998, and entitled, "Development System for Automatically Enabling a Server Application to Execute with an XATMI-complaint transaction MGR Managing Transactions within Multiple Environments"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/189,053, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Cool ICE Batch Interface"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/189,381, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Cool ICE Debug"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/188,628, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Cool ICE Workstation Directory/File Browser"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/188,840, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Cool ICE Icons"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/188,738, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Cool ICE Service Templates"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/189,383, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Automatic Footer Text on HTML Pages"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/189,615, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Availability Message"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/189,611, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Cool ICE System Settings"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/188,807, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Cool ICE Service Handler"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/189,616, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Server Side Variables"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/188,629, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Cool ICE data Wizard"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/188,649, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Cool ICE Column Profiling"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/189,160, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Cool ICE Database Profiling"; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/188,725, filed Nov. 9, 1998, and entitled, "Cool ICE State Management" are commonly assigned co-pending applications incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to data base management systems and more particularly relates to enhancements for providing access to data base management systems via internet user terminals.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Data base management systems are well known in the data processing art. Such commercial systems have been in general use for more than 20 years. One of the most successful data base management systems is available from Unisys Corporation and is called the CLASSIC MAPPER.RTM. data base management system. The CLASSIC MAPPER system can be reviewed using the CLASSIC MAPPER User's Guide which may be obtained from Unisys Corporation.
The CLASSIC MAPPER system, which runs on proprietary hardware also available from Unisys Corporation, provides a way for clients to partition data bases into structures called filing cabinets and drawers, as a way to offer a more tangible format. The Mapper data base manager utilizes various predefined high-level instructions whereby the data base user may manipulate the data base to generate human-readable data presentations called "reports". The user is permitted to prepare lists of the various predefined high-level instructions into data base manager programs called "Mapper Runs". Thus, users of the CLASSIC MAPPER system may create, modify, and add to a given data base and also generate periodic and aperiodic reports using various Mapper Runs.
However, with the CLASSIC MAPPER system, as well as with similar proprietary data base management systems, the user must interface with the data base using a terminal coupled directly to the proprietary system and must access and manipulate the data using the Mapper Run command language of CLASSIC MAPPER. Ordinarily, that means that the user must either be co-located with the hardware which hosts the data base management system or must be coupled to that hardware through dedicated telephone, satellite, or other data links. Furthermore, the user usually needs to be schooled in the command language of CLASSIC MAPPER (or other proprietary data base management system) to be capable of generating Mapper Runs.
Since the advent of large scale, dedicated, proprietary data base management systems, the internet or world wide web has come into being. Unlike closed proprietary data base management systems, the internet has become a world wide bulletin board, permitting all to achieve nearly equal access using a wide variety of hardware, software, and communication protocols. Even though some standardization has developed, one of the important characteristics of the world wide web is its ability to constantly accept new and emerging techniques within a global framework. Many current users of the internet have utilized several generations of hardware and software from a wide variety of suppliers from all over the world. It is not uncommon for current day young children to have ready access to the world wide web and to have substantial experience in data access using the internet.
Thus, the major advantage of the internet is its universality. Nearly anyone, anywhere can become a user. That means that virtually all persons are potentially internet users without the need for specialized training and/or proprietary hardware and software. One can readily see that providing access to a proprietary data base management system, such as CLASSIC MAPPER, through the internet would yield an extremely inexpensive and universally available means for accessing the data which it contains and such access would be without the need for considerable specialized training.
There are two basic problems with permitting internet access to a proprietary data base. The first is a matter of security. Because the internet is basically a means to publish information, great care must be taken to avoid intentional or inadvertent access to certain data by unauthorized internet users. In practice this is substantially complicated by the need to provide various levels of authorization to internet users to take full advantage of the technique. For example, one might have a first level involving no special security features available to any internet user. A second level might be for specific customers, whereas a third level might be authorized only for employees. One or more fourth levels of security might be available for officers or others having specialized data access needs.
Existing data base managers have security systems, of course. However, because of the physical security with a proprietary system, a certain degree of security is inherent in the limited access. On the other hand, access via the internet is virtually unlimited which makes the security issue much more acute.
Current day security systems involving the world wide web involve the presentation of a user-id. Typically, this user-id either provides access or denies access in a binary fashion. To offer multiple levels of secure access using these techniques would be extraordinarily expensive and require the duplication of entire databases and or substantial portions thereof. In general, the advantages of utilizing the world wide web in this fashion to access a proprietary data base are directly dependent upon the accuracy and precision of the security system involved.
The second major problem is imposed by the internet protocol itself. One of the characteristics of the internet which makes it so universal is that any single transaction in HTML language combines a single transfer (or request) from a user coupled with a single response from the internet server. In general, there is no means for linking multiple transfers (or requests) and multiple responses. In this manner, the internet utilizes a transaction model which may be referred to as "stateless". This limitation ensures that the internet, its users, and its servers remain sufficiently independent during operation that no one entity or group of entities can unduly delay or "hang-up" the communications system or any of its major components. Each transmissions results in a termination of the transaction. Thus, there is no general purpose means to link data from one internet transaction to another, even though in certain specialized applications limited amounts of data may be coupled using "cookies" or via attaching data to a specific HTML screen.
However, some of the most powerful data base management functions or services of necessity rely on coupling data from one transaction to another in dialog fashion. In fact this linking is of the essence of Mapper Runs which assume change of state from one command language statement to the next. True statelessness from a first Mapper command to the next or subsequent Mapper command would preclude much of the power of CLASSIC MAPPER (or any other modern data base management system) as a data base management tool and would eliminate data base management as we now know it.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a method of and apparatus for utilizing the power of a full featured data base management system by a user at a terminal coupled to the world wide web or internet. In order to permit any such access, the present invention must first provide a user interface, called a gateway, which translates transaction data transferred from the user over the internet in HTML format into a format from which data base management system commands and inputs may be generated. The gateway must also convert the data base management system responses and outputs into an HTML document for display on the user's internet terminal. Thus, as a minimum, the gateway must make these format and protocol conversions. In the preferred embodiment, the gateway resides in the web server coupled to the user via the world wide web and coupled to proprietary data base management system.
To make access to a proprietary data base by internet users practical, a sophisticated security system is required to prevent intentional or inadvertent unauthorized access to the sensitive data of an organization. As discussed above, such a security system should provide multiple levels of access to accommodate a variety of authorized user categories. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, rather than defining several levels of data classification, the different classes of users are managed by identifying a security profile as a portion of those service requests requiring access to secure data. Thus, the security profile accompanies the data/service to be accessed. The user simply need provide a user-id which correlates to the access permitted. This permits certain levels of data to be accessed by one or more of the several classes of user.
In the preferred mode of practicing the present invention, each user-id is correlated with a security profile. Upon preparation of the service request which provides internet access to a given portion of the data base, the service request developer specifies which security profiles are permitted access to the data or a portion thereof. The service request developer can subsequently modify the accessibility of any security profile. The utility of the system is greatly enhanced by permitting the service request developer to provide access to predefined portions of the data, rather than being limited to permit or deny access to all of the data involved.
Whereas the gateway and the security system are the minimum necessary to permit the most rudimentary form of communication between the internet terminal of the user and the proprietary data base management system, as explained above, the internet is a "stateless" communication system; the addition of the gateway and the security system do not change this statelessness. To unleash the real power of the data base management system, the communication protocol between the data base and the user requires functional interaction between the various data transfers.
The present invention adds state management to this environment. Instead of considering each transfer from the internet user coupled with the corresponding server response as an isolated transaction event as defined by the world wide web, one or more related service requests may be functionally associated in a service request sequence as defined by the data base management system into a dialog.
A repository is established to store the state of the service request sequence. As such, the repository can store intermediate requests and responses, as well as other data associated with the service request sequence. Thus, the repository buffers commands, data, and intermediate products utilized in formatting subsequent data base management service requests and in formatting subsequent HTML pages to be displayed to the user.
The transaction data in HTML format received by the server from the user, along with the state information stored in the repository, are processed by a service handler into a sequence of service requests in the command language of the data base management system. Sequencing and control of the data base management system is via an administration module.
Through the use of the repository to store the state of the service request sequence, the service handler to generate data base management command language, and the administration module, the world wide web user is capable of performing each and every data base management function available to any user, including a user from a proprietary terminal having a dedicated communication link which is co-located with the proprietary data base management system hardware and software. In addition, the data base management system user at the world wide web terminal is able to accomplish this in the HTML protocol, without extensive training concerning the command language of the data base management system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other objects of the present invention and many of the attendant advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the figures thereof and wherein:
FIG. 1 is pictographic view of the COOL ICE system coupled between a user on the world wide web and an existing proprietary data base management system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing showing the operation of a multi-level security system in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a pictographic view of the hardware of the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a semi-schematic diagram of the operation of the COOL ICE system;
FIG. 5 is an overall schematic view of the software of the COOL ICE system;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a service request;
FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of a service request sequence;
FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic comparison between a dialog-based structure and a service-based structure;
FIG. 9 is a detailed diagram of the storage and utilization of state information within the repository;
FIG. 10 is a detailed diagram showing security profile verification during a service request;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing access to a given data base using different security profiles;
FIG. 12 is a view of the initial COOL ICE Administration window; and
FIG. 13 is a view of the window providing for definition and modification of data access by security profile.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention is described in accordance with several preferred embodiments which are to be viewed as illustrative without being limiting. These several preferred embodiments are based upon Series 2200 hardware and operating systems, the CLASSIC MAPPER data base management system, and the COOL ICE software components, all available from Unisys Corporation.
FIG. 1 is an overall pictographic representation of a system 10 permitting access to a proprietary data base management system via an internet terminal. Existing data bases and applications 12 represents commercially available hardware and software systems which typically provide select users with access to proprietary data and data base management functions. In the preferred embodiment, existing data bases and applications 12 represents Series 2200 hardware and operating system containing one or more data bases prepared using CLASSIC MAPPER data base management system, all available from Unisys Corporation. Historically, existing data bases and applications 12 could only be accessed from a dedicated, direct terminal link, either physically co-located with the other system elements or connected thereto via a secured dedicated telephonic, satellite, or fiber optic link.
With the preferred mode of the present invention, communication between new web application terminal 14 and existing data bases and applications 12 is facilitated. As discussed above, this permits nearly universal access by users world wide without specialized hardware and/or user training. The user effects the access using standardized HTML transaction language through world wide web link 16 to the COOL ICE system 20, which serves as a world wide web server to world wide web link 16.
COOL ICE system 20 appears to existing data bases and applications 12 as a data base management system proprietary user terminal over dedicated link 18. Oftentimes, dedicated link 18 is an intranet or other localized network link. COOL ICE system 20 is currently available in commercial form without the present invention as COOL ICE Revision Level 1.1 from Unisys Corporation.
FIG. 2 is a basic schematic diagram of security system 22 of the preferred mode of the present invention. By way of example, there are four categories of service defined, each with its own functionality and portion of the data base. Service A 36 contains data and functions which should only be made available to customers. Service B 38 contains data and functions which should only be made available to customers or employees. Service C 40 contains data and functions which should only be made available to employees, and Service D 42, containing the least restrictive data and functions may be made available to anyone, including the general public.
In a typical application, Service D 42 might contain the general home page information of the enterprise. It will consist of only the most public of information. It is likely to include the name, address, e-mail address, and phone number of the enterprise, along with the most public of the business details. Usually, Service D 42 would include means of presenting the information in a sufficiently interesting way to entice the most casual of the public user to make further inquiry and thus become more involved with the objectives of the enterprise. Service D 42 represents the lowest level of security with data and functions available to all.
Service C 40 is potentially the highest level of classification. It contains data and functions which can be made available only to employees. In actual practice, this might entail a number of sub levels corresponding to the various levels of authority of the various employees. However, some services may be so sensitive that the enterprise decides not to provide any access via the internet. This might include such things as strategic planning data and tools, advanced financial predictions, specific information regarding individual employees, marketing plans, etc. The penalty for this extreme security measure is that even authorized individuals are prohibited from accessing these services via the internet, and they must take the trouble to achieve access via an old-fashioned dedicated link.
Customers and employees may share access to Service B 38. Nevertheless, these data and functions are sufficiently sensitive that they are not made public. Service B 38 likely provides access to product specifications, delivery schedules and quantities, and pricing.
For customer access only is Service A 36. One would expect marketing information, along with specific account information, to be available here.
These four service levels (i.e., Service A 36, Service B 38, Service C 40, and Service D 42) are regulated in accordance with three security profiles. The lowest level of security does not require a security profile, because any member of the general public may be granted access. This can be readily seen as guest category 28 (e.g., a member of the public) can directly access Service D 42. Of course, all other categories of user may also directly access Service D 42, because all members of the more restrictive categories (e.g., customers and employees) are also members of the general public (i.e., the least restrictive category).
Security Profile #1, 30 permits access to Service A 36 if and only if the requestor seeking access is a customer and therefore a member of customer category 24. Members of customer category 24 need to identify themselves with a customer identification code in order to gain access. The assigning and processing of such identification codes are well known to those of skill in the art.
Similarly, Security Profile #3, 34 permits access to Service C 40 if and only if the requestor seeking access is an employee and therefore a member of employee category 26.
Security Profile #2, 32 permits access to Service B 38 to requestors from either customer category 24 or employee category 26, upon receipt of a customer identification code or an employee identification code. A more detailed description of the security system of the preferred mode of the present invention is found below.
FIG. 3 is a pictorial diagram of hardware suite 44 of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The client interfaces with the system via internet terminal 46. Preferably, internet terminal 46 is an industry compatible, personalized computer having a current version of the Windows operating system and suitable web browser, all being readily available commercial products. Internet terminal 46 communicates over world wide web access 48 using standardized HTML protocol.
The COOL ICE system is resident in web server 50, which is coupled to internet terminal 46 via world wide web access 48. In the preferred mode, web server 50 is owned and operated by the enterprise owning and controlling the proprietary data base management system. Web server 50 may serve as the internet access provider for internet terminal 46 wherein world wide web access 48 is typically a dial-up telephone line. This would ordinarily be the case if the shown client were an employee of the enterprise. On the other hand, web server 50 may be a remote server site on the internet if the shown client has a different internet access provider. This would ordinarily occur if the shown client were a customer or guest.
In addition to being coupled to world wide web access 48, web server 50, containing the COOL ICE system, is coupled to intranet 52 of the enterprise as shown. Intranet 52 provides the enterprise with communication for its internal business purposes. This communication is administered and managed by enterprise server 54 having enterprise server storage facility 56. Thus, employees and others granted access may communicate via intranet 52 within the physical security provided by the enterprise. Also coupled to intranet 52 is departmental server 58 having departmental server storage facility 60. Additional departmental servers (not shown) may be coupled to intranet 52. The enterprise data and enterprise data base management service functionality typically resides within enterprise server 54, departmental server 58, and any other departmental servers (not shown). Normal operation in accordance with the prior art would provide access to this data and data base management functionality via intranet 52 to users directly coupled to intranet 52.
In the preferred mode of the present invention, access to this data and data base management functionality is also provided to users (e.g., internet terminal 46) not directly coupled to intranet 52, but indirectly coupled to intranet 52 via web server 50. As explained below in more detail, web server 50 provides this access utilizing the COOL ICE system resident in web server 50.
FIG. 4 is pictographic view of the system of FIG. 3 with particular detail showing the organization and operation of the COOL ICE system 62, which is resident in the web server (see also FIG. 3). In this view, the client accesses the data base management system within the enterprise via internet terminal 46 which is coupled to the web server 68 by world wide web path 48. Again, the internet terminal 46 is preferably an industry standard computer utilizing a commercially available web browser.
The basic request/response format of the COOL ICE system involves a "service" (defined in greater detail below) which is an object of the COOL ICE system. The service is a predefined operation or related sequence of operations which provide the client with a desired static or dynamic result. The services are categorized by the language in which they were developed. Whereas all services are developed with client-side scripting which is compatible with internet terminal 46 (e.g., HTML), the server-side scripting defines the service category. Native services utilize COOL ICE script for all server-side scripting. On the other hand, open services may have server-side scripting in a variety of common commercial languages including Jscript, VB Script, ActiveX controls, and HTML. Because native services are developed in the COOL ICE language, greater development flexibility and variety are available with this technique.
Web server 68 provides open server processor 70 for Active Server Pages (ASP's) which have been developed as open services and Default ASP processor 72 for native services. After the appropriate decoding (i.e., native or open service), a call to the corresponding COOL ICE object 74 is initiated as shown. The selected object is processed by COOL ICE engine 76.
Repository 106 is a storage resource for long term storage of the COOL ICE objects and short term storage of the state of a particular service. Further details concerning repository 106 may be found by consulting the above referenced, commonly-assigned, co-pending U.S. patent application. In the preferred mode of the present invention, the objects stored in repository 106 are typically very similar to mapper runs as described above. For a more detailed description of mapper runs, CLASSIC MAPPER User Manual is available from Unisys Corporation and incorporated herein by reference. In the more general case, repository 106 would typically store predefined sequences of statements in the command language of the enterprise data base management system(s) to be accessed.
COOL ICE engine 76 sequences these previously stored command statements and uses them to communicate via intranet 84 with the data base management system(s) (e.g., CLASSIC Mapper) resident on enterprise server 54 and departmental server 58. The short term storage capability of repository 106 is utilized by COOL ICE engine 76 to store the state and intermediate products of each service until the processing sequence has been completed. Following completion, COOL ICE engine 76 retrieves the intermediate products from repository 106 and formats the output response to the client, which is transferred to internet terminal 46 via web server 68 and world wide web path 48.
COOL ICE Administrator 82 is available for coordination of the operation of COOL ICE system 62 and thus can resolve conflicts, set run-time priorities, deal with security issues, and serve as a developmental resource. Graphing engine 78 is available to efficiently provide graphical representations of data to be a part of the response of a service. This tends to be a particularly useful utility, because many of the existing data base management systems have relatively sparse resources for graphical presentation of data.
The combination of COOL ICE engine 76 and repository 106 permits a rather simplistic service request from internet terminal 46 in dialog format to initiate a rather complex series of data base management system functions. In doing so, COOL ICE engine 76 emulates an intranet user of the data base management system(s) resident on enterprise server 54 and/or departmental server 58. This emulation is only made possible, because repository 80 stores sequences of command language statements (i.e., the logic of the service request) and intermediate products (i.e., the state of the service request). It is these functions which are not available in ordinary dialog on the world wide web and are therefore not even defined in that environment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram 90 of the software components of the COOL ICE system and the software components to which it interfaces in the preferred mode of the present invention. The client user of the COOL ICE system interfaces directly with web browser 92 which is resident on internet terminal 46 (see also FIG. 4). Web browser 92 is a commercially available browser operating under a current version of the Windows operating system (e.g., Windows 95). The only special requirement of web browser 92 is that it be capable of supporting frames.
Web browser 92 communicates with web server software 96 via internet standard protocol using HTML language using world wide web path 94. Web server software 96 is also commercially available software, which is, of course, appropriate for to the web server host hardware configuration. In the preferred mode of the present invention, web server software 96 is hosted on a Series 2200 mainframe available from Unisys Corporation, from which web server software 96 is readily available.
COOL ICE system software 98 consists of COOL ICE Gateway 100, COOL ICE service handler 102, COOL ICE administration 104, COOL ICE repository 106, and COOL ICE scripting 108. It is these five software modules which interface to web server software 96 in HTML using a dialog format and interface to data base management system interconnect 110 in the command language of the enterprise data base management system(s) (i.e., CLASSIC MAPPER in the preferred mode of the present invention).
COOL ICE gateway 100 is the interface between standard, commercially available, web server software 96 and the internal COOL ICE system language and logic. As such, COOL ICE gateway 100 translates the dialog format, incoming HTML service request into internal COOL ICE language. and protocol. Intrinsic in this translation is a determination of the service category (see also FIG. 4)--that is whether the service request is a native service (i.e., with COOL ICE server-side scripting) or an open service (i.e., with server-side scripting in another commercial language).
The service request, received from COOL ICE gateway 100, is utilized by COOL ICE service handler 102 to request the corresponding object from COOL ICE repository 106 and to open temporary state storage using COOL ICE repository 106. COOL ICE scripting 108 is called to translate the server-side scripting of an open service request as necessary. COOL ICE service handler 102 sequences through the command language statements of the object received from COOL ICE repository 106 and forwards each command in turn to data base management system software 114 for accessing of the enterprise proprietary data base management system. COOL ICE service handler 102 receives each of the intermediate products from data base management system software 114 and transfers each to COOL ICE repository 106 for temporary storage until completion of the service request. COOL ICE service handler 102 retrieves the intermediate products from COOL ICE repository 106 upon completion of the service request and formulates the COOL ICE response for transfer to browser 92 via web server software 96 and world wide web path 94.
COOL ICE administration 104 implements automatic and manual control of the process. It provides for record keeping, for resolution of certain security issues, and for development of further COOL ICE objects. Interconnect 110 and interconnect 112 are software interface modules for communicating over the enterprise intranet (see also FIG. 4). These modules are dependent upon the remaining proprietary hardware and software elements coupled to the enterprise intranet system. In the preferred mode of the present invention, these are commercially available from Unisys Corporation.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram 116 showing the processing of a service request by the COOL ICE system. Screen 118 is the view as seen by the client or user at an internet terminal (see also FIG. 4). This screen is produced by the commercially available browser 120 selected by the user. Any such industry standard browser is suitable, if it has the capability to handle frames. The language of screen 118 is HTML 124. Hyperlinks 126 is used in locating the URL of the COOL ICE resident server. The components of the URL are as follows. In many instances, this will simply be the internet access provider of the internet terminal, as when the internet terminal is owned by the enterprise and the user is an employee. However, when the user is not an employee and the internet terminal is not necessarily owned by the enterprise, it becomes more likely that hyperlinks 126 identifies a remotely located server.
Icon 122 is a means of expressly identifying a particular service request. Such use of an icon is deemed to be unique. Additional detail concerning this use of an icon is available in the above identified, commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patent application. Window area 128 provides for the entry of any necessary or helpful input parameters. Not shown are possible prompts for entry of this data, which may be defined at the time of service request development. Submit button provides the user with a convenient means to transmit the service request to the web server in which the COOL ICE system is resident.
Upon "clicking on" submit button 130, screen 118 is transmitted to web server 136 via world wide web path 132. As discussed above, world wide web path 132 may be a telephonic dial-up of web server 136 or it might be a long and complex path along the internet if web server 136 is remote from the originating internet terminal. Web server 136 is the software which performs the retrieval of screen 118 from world wide web path 132.
Screen 118 is transferred from web server 136 to COOL ICE gateway 100, wherein it is converted to the internal COOL ICE protocol and language. A browser input file is opened at storage resource 146 via path 140. Thus the initial service request can be accessed from storage resource 146 during processing up until the final result is transferred back to the user. This access readily permits multi-step and iterative service request processing, even though the service request was transferred as a single internet dialog element. This storage technique also provides initially received input parameters to later steps in the processing of the service request.
COOL ICE gateway 138 notifies COOL ICE service handler 102 that a service request has been received and logged in. The service request itself is utilized by COOL ICE service handler 102 to retrieve a previously stored sequence of data base management system command statements from repository 106. Thus, in the general case, a single service request will result in the execution of a number of ordered data base management system commands. The exact sequence of these commands is defined by the service request developer as explained in more detail below.
Service input parameters 170 is prepared from the service request itself and from the command sequence stored in repository 106 as shown by path 164. This list of input parameters is actually stored in a dedicated portion of repository 106 awaiting processing of the service request.
Each command statement from repository 106 identified with the service request is sequentially presented to COOL ICE service 168 for processing via path 160. The corresponding input parameter from service input parameters 170 is coupled with each command statement via path 176 to produce an appropriate query of the enterprise data base management system at COOL ICE service 168. After the enterprise data base management system has responded to a given query, the intermediate products are stored as entries in HTML document 172 which is also stored in a dedicated portion of repository 106.
After all command statements corresponding to the service request have been processed by the enterprise data base management system and HTML document 172 has been completed, the result is provided via path 156 to COOL ICE service handler 102 for temporary storage as a browser output file in storage resource 154 via path 152. COOL ICE gateway 100 receives the browser output file via path 148. The response is converted to HTML protocol and transferred by web server 136 and world wide web path 134 to be presented to the user as a modified screen (not shown).
FIG. 7 is a pictographic drawing 178 of the development process for creating a COOL ICE service. HTML document 180 is created utilizing any commercially available standard HTML authoring tool (e.g., Microsoft FrontPage). The resulting HTML document 180 is stored as a normal .HTM file. This file will be utilized as a template of the service to be developed.
The authoring process moves along path 182 to invoke the administration module of the COOL ICE system at element 184. The new dynamic service is created using HTML document 180 stored as a normal .HTM file as a template. As HTML document 180 is imported into COOL ICE, sequences of script for the beginning and end of the HTML code are automatically appended to the service. Required images, if any, are also uploaded onto the web server (see also FIGS. 5 and 6). The service is edited by inserting additional COOL ICE script, as required. A more detailed description of the editing process may be found in COOL ICE User's Guide, Revision 1.1, available from Unisys Corporation and incorporated herein by reference.
The completed service script is transferred along path 186 to element 188 for storage. The service is stored as an object in the repository (see also FIGS. 5 and 6). Storage is effected within the appropriate category 190 as discussed above, along with services 192, 194, and 196 within the same category.
The process proceeds along path 198 to element 200 for testing. To perform the testing, the URL for the newly created service is entered into the browser of the internet terminal, if known. If the URL for the new service is not known, a list of the available services may be determined from the Cool ICE system by specifying the Cool ICE URL. This call will result in a presentation of a menu containing the defined categories. Selecting a category from the list will result in a menu for the services defined within that category. The desired service can thus be selected for testing. Selection of the service by either means will result in presentation of the HTML page as shown at element 200.
The process proceeds to element 204 via path 202, wherein the HTML page may be enhanced. This is accomplished by exporting the HTML document from the COOL ICE administration module to a directory for modification. By proceeding back to HTML document 180, the exported HTML template is available for modification using a standard HTML authoring tool. After satisfactory completion, the finished HTML document is saved for future use.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a comparison between dialog-based structure 210 and service-based structure 212. Dialog-based structure 210 is the norm for the typical existing proprietary data base management system (e.g., CLASSIC MAPPER). The user, normally sitting at a dedicated user terminal, transfers output screen 214 to the data base management system to request a service. The user terminal and its normally dedicated link are suspended at element 216 to permit transfer and operation of the data base management system. The input is validated at element 218, while the user terminal and its normally dedicated link remains suspended.
The data base management system processes the service request at element 220 while the user terminal remains suspended. Output occurs at element 222 thereby releasing the suspension of the user terminal. Thus, a true dialog is effected, because one part of the dialog pair (i.e., the user terminal) is suspended awaiting response from the data base management system. This type of dialog is best accomplished in an environment wherein at least the user terminal (or data base management system) is dedicated to the dialog, along with the link between user terminal and data base management system.
Service-based structure 212 illustrates on of the basic constraints of the world wide web protocol. To ensure that each of the elements on the world wide web are sufficiently independent to prevent one element from unduly delaying or "hanging-up" another element to which it is coupled awaiting a response, the communication protocol forces a termination after each transmission. As can be readily seen, even the simplest dialog requires at least separate and independent transactions or services. The first service, Service 224, involves the transmissions of output form 228 from the internet user terminal. This transmission is immediately and automatically followed by termination 230 to ensure independence of the sender and receiver.
The second service, Service 226, enables the receiver of output form 228 to process the request and output an appropriate response. The validation of the input at element 232, processing 234, and output 236 all occur within the receiver of output form 228. Immediately and automatically, termination 238 follows. Thus, if internet transactions are to be linked into a true dialog to permit data base management functions, the state must be saved from one service to the next as taught herein.
In the preferred mode of the present invention, the state of a service is saved in the repository (see also FIGS. 4 and 5) for use in the next or subsequent services.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram 240 of the preferred mode of the present invention showing normal data flow during operation, with special attention to the state saving feature. Work station 242 is an industry compatible personal computer operating under a commonly available operating system such as Windows 95. Browser 92 is a standard, commercially available web browser having frames capability. Path 248 is the normal world wide web path between work station 242 and web server 50 for the transfer of service requests and input data. These transfers are converted by COOL ICE gateway 100 as explained above and sent to COOL ICE service handler 102 via path 266 for disposition.
The service request for data and/or another function is converted into the data base management language by reference to the service definition portion of repository 106 through reference along path 276. The actual command language of the data base management system is utilized over path 286 to access data base 264. The resultant data from data base 264 is transferred to COOL ICE administrator 104 via path 288. State manager 260 determines whether the original service request requires additional queries to data base 264 for completion of the dialog. If yes, the resultant data just received from data base 264 is transferred via path 284 to repository 106 for temporary storage, and the next query is initiated over path 286, and the process is repeated. This is the state saving pathway which is required to provide the user of the COOL ICE system to function in a dialog form over the world wide web.
Upon receipt of the resultant data from the final query of data base 264, state manager 260 determines that the service request is now complete. State manager 260 notifies repository 106 via path 280, and the intermediate products are retrieved from temporary storage in repository 106 via path 278 and supplied to COOL ICE service handler 102 via path 272 for formatting. State manager 260 then clears the intermediate products from temporary storage in repository 106 via path 282. The final response to the service request is sent to COOL ICE gateway 100 via path 270 for translation and to browser 92 via path 250.
FIG. 10 is a detailed diagram 300 showing operation of the security system during the honoring of a service request. The user, operating industry compatible, personalized computer, workstation 302, formats a service requests via commercially available web browser 92. In the preferred mode of the present invention, this is accomplished by making a call to the COOL ICE system. The user simply requests access to the COOL ICE home page by transferring web browser 92 to the URL of COOL ICE system. After the COOL ICE home page has been accessed, one of the buttons is clicked requesting a previously defined service request. For additional detail on the service request development process, see above and the above referenced commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patent applications.
The service request is transferred to web server 314 via world wide web path 306. The service request is received by COOL ICE gateway 100 and translated for use within the COOL ICE system. The request is referred to service handler 102 via path 324. In the preferred mode of practicing the present invention, service handler 104 is basically equivalent to the CLASSIC MAPPER data base management system. The service request is passed to COOL ICE administration 104 via path 334 for retrieval of the command language script which describes the activities required of the data base management system to respond to the service request.
COOL ICE administration 104 makes an access request of COOL ICE service portion 340 of repository 106 via path 338. It is within COOL ICE service portion 340 of repository 106 that the command language script corresponding to the service request is stored. The command language script is obtained and transferred via path 336 to service handler 102 for execution. Along with the command language script, a security profile, if any, is stored for the service request. As explained in the above referenced, commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patent application, the security profile, if required, is added to the command language script file at the time of service request development by the service request developer. This security profile identifies which of the potential service requesters may actually be provided with a complete response. The security profile, if any, is similarly transferred to service handler 102 via path 336.
If no security profile has been identified for the service request, service handler 102 executes the command language script received via path 336 through access of remote database 316 via paths 318 and 320, as required. The response is transferred to COOL ICE gateway 100 via path 328 for conversion and transfer to workstation 302 via world wide web path 310.
However, if a security profile has been identified for the service request, service handler 100 requests the user to provide a user-id via path 330, COOL ICE gateway 100, and world wide web path 312. Service handler 102 awaits a response via world wide web path 308, COOL ICE gateway 100, and path 326. Service handler 102 compares the user-id received to the security profile stored with the command language script. If the user matches the security profile, access is granted and service handler 100 proceeds as described above. If the user does not match with the stored security profile, the service request is not executed and the user is notified via diagnostic message.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram 350 showing access by users with different security profiles to different portions of the same data base 352. In this example, the user operating internet terminal 378 has a user-id which identifies the user as a manager within the human resources department of the subject enterprise. The human resources department is located at a facility of the enterprise which does not contain the hardware or software to be utilized in accessing the data base. Similarly, the user of internet terminal 382 is a manager within the accounts payable department of the enterprise who is located in yet another facility. The user of internet terminal 380 is a receptionist at one of the manufacturing plants of the enterprise.
Data base 352 is a data base prepared and maintained by the human resources department of the enterprise. As such, it contains information concerning employees of the enterprise having very different levels of sensitivity. Furthermore, access to some of the information concerning enterprise employees is regulated by federal and state law.
By way of example and not to be viewed as limiting of the present invention, data base 352 contains six (6) separate data tables. Phone #'s 354 is a data table having the telephone numbers of the employees of the enterprise. Entry 366 is a record containing the telephone number of a particular one of the employees of the enterprise. Authority 356 is a data table showing the dollar level of authority of each of the employees to commit the enterprise to financial obligations (e.g., purchasing). Record 368 is the dollar level of authority of a particular one of the employees of the enterprise.
Compensation 358 is a data table showing the annual compensation levels of each of the employees of the enterprise. Entry 370 shows the current salary of a particular employee of the enterprise. Supervisor 360 is a data table listing the immediate supervisor of each employee of the enterprise. Data table Comp. History 362 provides the compensation history of each employee during the period of employment at the enterprise. Entry 374 is record of the compensation history of a given employee. Job Title 364 is a data table listing the job title of each employee. The job title of a given employee is found in sample record 376.
The user-id of the operator of internet terminal 378 identifies her as a management level employee within the human resources department. In that capacity, she is charged within the enterprise with the creation and maintenance of data base 352. Therefore, as schematically shown, her user-id is correlated with a security profile giving her access to all of the data within data base 352. Thus, she is permitted by the COOL ICE system to read and modify any of the data within data base 352 via the world wide web.
In the current example, internet terminal 380 is also coupled via the world wide web to data base 352. The user-id of the operator of internet terminal 380 identifies him as a receptionist within one of the manufacturing plants of the enterprise and provides him with a corresponding security profile. In this job position, it is unnecessary, unwise, and probably illegal to give him general access to all of the information within data base 352. However, the receptionist does have a need to access the telephone numbers of the employees of the enterprise as necessary to the performance of his job. In the preferred mode of the present invention, he is provided with access to only a single data table, Phone #'s 354, within data base 352. Because the preferred mode of the present invention can restrict his access to a single data table within data base 352, he is given appropriate, and only appropriate access, without the need to duplicate the information from Phone #'s 354 as a separate data base. Providing such duplication is not only wasteful, but it presents extraordinary data base maintenance problems to ensure the duplicate copies of a given table remain consistent.
Internet terminal 382 is operated by a management level employee within the accounts payable department. As part of her job, she is charged with the task of verifying that another employee requesting issuance of a check of the enterprise in payment of a debt of the enterprise, actually has been granted a dollar authority consistent with his request. Therefore, she has a need for access to the data table Authority 356. Record 368 of Authority 356 specifies the dollar level of authority of the requesting employee.
However, the management level employee within the accounts payable department has no need for access to the remainder of the sensitive data within data base 352. Therefore, her user-id correlates with a security profile giving her access only to Authority 356 and no other data within data base 352.
FIG. 12 is a view of the highest level window 344 of COOL ICE Administration (see also above). It is the COOL ICE Administration module which is responsible for maintaining the security profiles of each service request and data element. COOL ICE Administration window 344, as identified by title 346, is directly available from the COOL ICE main menu. The COOL ICE main menu is displayed in response to a transfer to the COOL ICE URL (see also above). Security button 348 is provided for access to the security maintenance functions of the COOL ICE Administration module. Clicking on security button 348 provides entry to the security maintenance functions.
FIG. 13 is a view of security maintenance main window 360, which is reached by clicking on security button 348 (see also above). Of course, access to security maintenance main window 360 requires a user-id correlating with a security profile adequate to security profile maintenance. Title 362 identifies security maintenance main window 360.
The user must access the security profile table of the service request and/or data base of interest using select button 378. In the present example, the manager from the human resources department is utilizing internet terminal 378 to maintain the view of the security definitions for data base 352 (see also FIG. 11). The interface hierarchy provides a list 386 of the tables within data base 352. Authority caption 388 is selected providing access to the security profiles for Authority 356 (see also FIG. 11).
The security profiles currently corresponding to Authority 356 are displayed in the profile window. HR 380 shows that the human resources security profile is to be provided access to table Authority 356 of data base 352. Similarly, A. Payable 382 shows that the accounts payable manager previously identified as the user of internet terminal 382 is also to be provided access to Authority 356 of data base 352. Empty space 384 shows that no other security profiles are currently to be provided access to Authority 356.
Button 368 enables an authorized user to add an additional security profile for access to Authority 356. Button 370 permits and authorized user to modify an existing security profile. Button 372 permits removal of a security profile. Button 374 establishes reinheritance. Button 376 provides an authorized user with a report of the security profiles corresponding to a given data table. Button 366 permits the user to save a new or modified security profile allocation. The remaining buttons are deemed to be self explanatory.
Having thus described the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those of skill in the art will be readily able to adapt the teachings found herein to yet other embodiments within the scope of the claims hereto attached. |
